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First Apology of Justin Martyr
The ''First Apology'' was an early work of Christian apologetics addressed by Justin Martyr to the Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius. In addition to arguing against the persecution of individuals solely for being Christian, Justin also provides the Emperor with a defense of the philosophy of Christianity and a detailed explanation of contemporary Christian practices and rituals. This work, along with the Second Apology, has been cited as one of the earliest examples of Christian apology, and many scholars attribute this work to creating a new genre of apology out of what was a typical Roman administrative procedure.
==Justin Martyr’s Life and Background==
(詳細はFlavia Neapolis (modern Nablus), a Greek-speaking town in Syria Palaestina within the Roman Empire.〔 In the ''Dialogue with Trypho'', Justin explains how he came to Christianity after previously passing through the schools of Stoicism, Peripateticism, and Pythagoreanism.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Dialogue with Trypho )〕 After becoming interested in Platonism, Justin eventually converted to Christianity after an encounter with an old man, which Justin describes in the Dialogue as “a love of the prophets, and of those people who are friends of Christ () possessed me.”〔 The equating of Christianity with philosophy is important for Justin, as it explains the importance of the Apologies in defending Christianity in philosophical terms.
The ''First Apology'' is dated to between 155-157 CE, based on the reference to Felix as a recent prefect of Egypt. Robert Grant has claimed that this Apology was made in response to the Martyrdom of Polycarp, which occurred around the same time as the Apology was written.〔 This correlation would explain why the Apology heavily focused on punishment by fire; a reference to Polycarp’s burning at the stake.〔 It is also generally believed that the ''Second Apology'' was originally part of the larger ''First Apology'', although there is uncertainty among scholars about this point.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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